When E is near zero, almost no ions reflect in the shock ramp. They also find that, in general, the electric field provides most of the force involved in the reflection of incident ions, although the magnetic field is also needed to reflect all but a few ions. Also, when E and B are large, the reflection process produces a beam that is cooler, more dense, and closer to specular than when they are small. This happens because the phase space source region of reflected particles lies closer to the center of the incident ion distribution function when those two field components are large than it does when they are small. The reflection fraction is maximized when the electric field along the shock normal (E) and the noncoplanar magnetic field (B) more » are at their maximum values. The authors find that the phase space origin of reflected particles and the fraction of incident ions that reflect depend upon the electromagnetic field structure of the shock front at the time the ions encounter it. Using one-dimensional hybrid simulations and a semianalytic model of the shock front, the reflection process is investigated to determine the source regions in incident ion phase space of reflected and transmitted ions, the relative importance of the electric and magnetic forces in the reflection of incident ions, and how these characteristics change in time. Though the connection of the reflected ions to the re-formation cycle has been studied extensively, the reflection process itself has received little attention. The intermittent reflection of ions has been shown to be connected to the periodic disruption and re-formation of the shock front. At times, relatively cold and dense beams of ions that appear to be specularly reflected are seen, consistent with observations at the quasi-parallel portions of the bow shock. Springer, Heidelberg (2010).Previous numerical simulations have shown that ions are reflected at quasi-parallel shocks in a bursty manner. In: Daniilidis, K., Maragos, P., Paragios, N. Yang, Q., Wang, S., Ahuja, N.: Real-time specular highlight removal using bilateral filtering. Telea, A.: An image inpainting technique based on the fast marching method. of polished metal or glass pieces, including cases with total internal reflection, or on surfaces of liquids. That kind of reflection is encountered on smooth surfaces, e.g. In: 2008 Joint 6th International IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems and TAISA Conference 2008, NEWCAS-TAISA 2008, pp. The classical type of light reflection is that of specular reflection, from the Latin word speculum ( mirror ), or alternatively regular reflection. Tchoulack, S., Langlois, J.P., Cheriet, F.: A video stream processor for real-time detection and correction of specular reflections in endoscopic images. Samartzidis, T.: Open CV stereo - depth image generation and filtering with python 3+, ximgproc and OpenCV 3+ (2017). Saint-Pierre, C.A., Boisvert, J., Grimard, G., Cheriet, F.: Detection and correction of specular reflections for automatic surgical tool segmentation in thoracoscopic images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. Mayer, N., et al.: A large dataset to train convolutional networks for disparity, optical flow, and scene flow estimation. Konolige, K.: Small vision systems: hardware and implementation. Brussels, Belgium, CEN (European Committeefor Standardization) (2011) EN ISO 11664–4 Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 l* a* b* colour space. Hirschmuller, H.: Stereo processing by semiglobal matching and mutual information. Figure 1 When light hits an object, however, not all of it reflects at this specular angle. This reflection of light occurs more strongly on shiny and glossy surfaces, making an object appear more saturated and vivid in color. Gröger, M., Sepp, W., Ortmaier, T., Hirzinger, G.: Reconstruction of image structure in presence of specular reflections. With specular reflection, light reflects in the same way at an equal, but opposite, angle (see Figure 1). Godard, C., Mac Aodha, O., Brostow, G.J.: Unsupervised monocular depth estimation with left-right consistency. In: Proceedings 17th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing 2004, pp. IEEE (2001)įeris, R., Raskar, R., Tan, K.H., Turk, M.: Specular reflection reduction with multi-flash imaging. In: Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2001, CVPR 2001, vol. The reflected light is subject to the law of reflection, which states the angle of. Bertalmio, M., Bertozzi, A.L., Sapiro, G.: Navier-stokes, fluid dynamics, and image and video inpainting. When light hits a surface, some light is absorbed, and the rest is reflected.
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